![]() ^ Kirkwood, J.G., Buff, F.P., Green, M.S., "The statistical mechanical theory of transport processes.Characterization of liquids, nano- and micro- particulates and porous bodies using Ultrasound, Elsevier, 2017 ![]() "Theoretical Acoustics", Princeton University Press(1968) "Mechaniscs of Fluids", Prentics Hall, NJ (1997) "Low Reynolds number hydrodynamics", Prentice-Hall, (1965) ^ Lamb, H., "Hydrodynamics", Sixth Edition, Dover Publications, NY (1932).^ a b Temkin, S., "Elements of Acoustics", John Wiley and Sons, NY (1981)."Fluid mechanics", Pergamon Press, New York (1959) In the latter study, a number of common fluids were found to have bulk viscosities which were hundreds to thousands of times larger than their shear viscosities. A detailed review of these studies can be found in Sharma (2019) and Cramer. There are many publications dedicated to numerical modeling of volume viscosity. Fluids having large volume viscosities include those used as working fluids in power systems having non-fossil fuel heat sources, wind tunnel testing, and pharmaceutical processing. These were found to have volume viscosities which were hundreds to thousands of times larger than their shear viscosities. Recent studies have determined the volume viscosity for a variety of gases, including carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. One such method is by using an acoustic rheometer.īelow are values of the volume viscosity for several Newtonian liquids at 25 ☌ (reported in cP): methanol - 0.8 Measurement Ī brief review of the techniques available for measuring the volume viscosity of liquids can be found in Dukhin & Goetz and Sharma (2019). Common symbols are ζ, μ ′, μ b, κ is large. Volume viscosity (also called bulk viscosity, or second viscosity or, dilatational viscosity) is a material property relevant for characterizing fluid flow.
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